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<td class="pageTitle" nowrap="true">Discipline: 需求</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">此规程说明如何引发项目干系人请求，并将其转换为一组需求工作产品，而该工作产品确定要构建的系统范围并提供系统必作工作的详细需求。</td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Relationships</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Reference Workflows</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
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<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/requirements_4EE062EE.html" guid="{38A9C609-9A59-4D03-B835-AA84A716E626}">需求</a>
</li>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Tasks</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/capture_common_vocabulary_9BA76DA7.html" guid="{962AC6BA-4ACA-4D7D-B56F-24558A026854}">获取常用词汇表 </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/develop_rm_plan_89FFEB9A.html" guid="{97E25B86-33D4-4378-A3C8-D6DCFEF35A77}">Develop Requirements Management Plan</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/develop_vision_D9584F04.html" guid="{7069CFB7-77C3-4B44-B8A2-9CCA752BDDDA}">制定愿景</a>
</li>
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<a href="./../../rup/tasks/find_actors_and_use_cases_1ACB35F0.html" guid="{3CD5FA7E-160C-4A39-9DEB-C6D162D8AECD}">查找参与者和用例</a>
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<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/elicit_stakeholder_requests_97BE5D6E.html" guid="{EAEF65F0-E9CA-45B2-A875-47E66B3FDBC6}">引发项目干系人请求</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/manage_dependencies_4F6CEFAA.html" guid="{7F42C4D6-584F-4B19-9B0B-FDE86BD85FBB}">Manage Dependencies</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/prioritize_use_cases_E6E4D9A0.html" guid="{6E23D919-D149-43C2-9D37-8AF77B667CA8}">划分用例优先级</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/tasks/detail_a_use_case_D9BECBF4.html" guid="{536BC669-A8FB-426D-88FF-CBEA806A9066}">详细描述用例</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/tasks/detail_software_requirements_A7F0A215.html" guid="{A1FA1E95-8028-42EB-9B92-0DA77380F3E1}">详细描述软件需求</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/tasks/review_requirements_5DF661FE.html" guid="{FEC5ED66-F467-4BD5-AB11-B300E101DB9B}">评审需求</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/tasks/structure_use_case_model_93D8F44.html" guid="{F7D9D038-B184-43CC-9353-15BA154F87B5}">构造用例模型</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/tasks/develop_supplementary_specification_52FC4CAE.html" guid="_I5vM8DJwEdqLGaxX1Cc4eA">制定补充规约</a>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Main Description</div>
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><a id="Top" name="Top"></a><a id="Purpose" name="Purpose"></a><a id="RelationToOtherDisciplines" name="RelationToOtherDisciplines"></a> 
<p>
    “需求”规程的目的是：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        与客户和其他项目干系人就系统应该有什么作用取得一致意见，并维护这种一致性。
    </li>
    <li>
        帮助系统开发人员更好地了解系统需求。
    </li>
    <li>
        定义系统的边界（定界）。
    </li>
    <li>
        为规划迭代的技术内容提供基础。
    </li>
    <li>
        为估计开发系统的成本和时间提供基础。
    </li>
    <li>
        定义系统的用户界面，主要关注用户的需要和目标。
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    要实现这些目标，首先要理解尝试用该系统解决的问题的定义和范围，这一点很重要。确定<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../rup/roles/rup_stakeholder_1011D446.html" guid="{7A4262EA-AB5B-431E-BB4A-3822FBF7F239}">项目干系人</a>并引发、收集和分析<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_stakeholder_requests_A89D2BF9.html" guid="{75F38765-E25B-4459-907E-77F429652C0F}">项目干系人请求</a>。&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
    然后将开发需求工作产品来完整描述系统（系统要做<b>什么</b>）以便将所有项目干系人（包括客户和潜在用户）视为除了系统需求以外的重要信息来源。
</p>
<p>
    “需求”规程与流程的其他规程相关。
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/disciplines/rup_analysis_design_discipline_29760231.html" guid="_ydt62NnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">分析与设计</a>规程从“需求”获得主要输入。&nbsp;
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/disciplines/rup_test_discipline_9DFAFB2F.html" guid="_yd3EzdnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">测试</a>规程根据需求验证系统（还有其他方法）。
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/disciplines/rup_config_and_change_manage_discipline_CC612E7A.html" guid="_yeA1xNnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">配置与变更管理</a>规程为需求提供变更控制机制。提议变更的机制是<a class="elementLinkWithType" href="./../../rup/tasks/submit_change_request_29FC7F2E.html" guid="{1393CA8E-5CA4-4494-93FE-587F51931896}">Task: 提交变更请求</a>一个<a class="elementLinkWithType" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_change_request_F2E6419.html" guid="{694A7BC8-3D20-4172-BC56-6C7BD4590BA5}">Artifact: 变更请求</a>，该变更请求由“变更控制委员会”进行<a class="elementLinkWithType" href="./../../rup/tasks/review_change_request_E7D91346.html" guid="{1CD358DF-3FFC-4281-B3EF-8E3CD76C5900}">Task: 评审变更请求</a>。
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/disciplines/rup_project_management_discipline_F303DA84.html" guid="_yeA1y9nmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">项目管理</a>规程计划项目和每个迭代。需求工作产品是迭代计划活动的重要输入。
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/disciplines/rup_environment_discipline_41478973.html" guid="_yeKmwtnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">环境</a>规程开发并维护确定需求过程中使用的支持工件。
    </li>
</ul><p/><p>
    业务建模规程为系统提供了组织环境，表示为：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        业务规则
    </li>
    <li>
        业务用例模型
    </li>
    <li>
        业务分析模型（包括领域模型）
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    &nbsp;
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<div class="sectionHeading">More Information</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Guidelines</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/important_decisions_in_requirements_123ABF08.html" guid="3.181902521799359E-305">需求中的重要决策</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Whitepapers</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/whitepapers/applying_requirements_management_with_use_cases_A431D8A1.html" guid="1.4430543155816335E-305">使用用例应用需求管理</a>
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